07.3 Types of Conflict
Training Objective
To identify and understand the different types of conflicts encountered in an en-route radar environment.
Key Knowledge
- Conflict geometry
- Relative track and speed
- Vertical vs lateral conflict types
- Risk characteristics of each conflict type
Operational Application
Controllers shall:
- Identify the type of conflict at an early stage
- Select appropriate resolution methods based on conflict geometry
- Anticipate how different conflict types develop over time
1. Overview
Conflicts occur when two or more aircraft are predicted to infringe separation minima.
Understanding the type of conflict allows the controller to apply the most effective resolution.
2. Core Conflict Types
2.1 Crossing Traffic
Aircraft on intersecting routes.
- Typically occurs at fixes or airway intersections
- Closure rate depends on relative angles
- Requires early assessment of crossing point
2.2 Opposite Direction
Aircraft on reciprocal or near-reciprocal tracks.
- High closure rate
- Requires early and decisive intervention
- Often resolved using vertical separation or large heading change
2.3 Overtaking
Faster aircraft catching slower traffic on similar tracks.
- Closure rate may be gradual
- Often requires speed control or level change
- Can be overlooked if monitoring is poor
2.4 Vertical Conflict
Aircraft climbing or descending through occupied levels.
- Common during climb/descent phases
- Requires monitoring of vertical profiles
- Timing is critical to avoid loss of separation
3. Procedures
3.1 Conflict Identification
- Controllers shall assess relative track, speed, and level
- Conflict type shall be determined prior to intervention
3.2 Resolution Planning
- Resolution shall be appropriate to conflict type
- Early action shall be taken where required
4. Standards
- Controllers shall correctly identify conflict type prior to issuing instructions
- Resolution shall ensure separation is maintained at all times
5. Notes
- Opposite direction conflicts present the highest risk due to closure rate
- Crossing conflicts are the most common in structured airspace
- Vertical conflicts frequently occur due to poor climb/descent monitoring