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5.3 Intercept Angles

5.3.1 General

Intercept angles are used to position aircraft onto the final approach track.

The Approach Controller shall select intercept angles that ensure a stable and controlled capture of the final approach.

5.3.2 Standard Intercept Angles

The Approach Controller shall apply the following guidance:

  • 20°–30° – Standard intercept angle
  • Maximum 45° – Shall not be exceeded

The selected angle shall be appropriate for aircraft position, speed, and distance from final.

5.3.3 Application

The Approach Controller shall:

  • Use larger intercept angles when aircraft are further from final
  • Reduce intercept angles as aircraft approach final
  • Ensure the aircraft can capture the localiser or final track smoothly

Intercept angles shall be planned in advance to avoid late corrections.

5.3.4 Stability Considerations

The Approach Controller shall ensure that:

  • Intercepts support a stable approach profile
  • Aircraft are not required to make excessive corrections on final
  • Turns onto final are smooth and predictable

High intercept angles increase pilot workload and risk of overshoot and shall be avoided.

5.3.5 Speed and Distance Considerations

The Approach Controller shall consider:

  • Aircraft speed (higher speed requires earlier and shallower intercept)
  • Distance from final approach
  • Relative spacing with preceding traffic

Intercept angle shall be adjusted accordingly to maintain spacing and stability.

5.3.6 Limitations

The Approach Controller shall not:

  • Use excessive intercept angles close to final
  • Issue late turns that result in unstable approaches
  • Create situations where the aircraft is unable to capture the final track

5.3.7 Key Principle

Intercept angles shall support a stable and predictable final approach.

The Approach Controller shall:

  • Plan the intercept early
  • Use appropriate angles
  • Reduce angles closer to final

A well-planned intercept results in a stable approach with minimal correction.