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6.4 Visual Approach

6.4.1 General

A visual approach is an approach conducted by an aircraft visually navigating to the runway.

The Approach Controller may clear an aircraft for a visual approach when conditions permit and operational requirements are met.

6.4.2 Conditions for Visual Approach

A visual approach shall only be authorised when:

  • The pilot reports the runway or preceding traffic in sight
  • Meteorological conditions permit continuous visual reference
  • The controller is satisfied that the approach can be conducted safely

6.4.3 Controller Responsibilities

The Approach Controller shall:

  • Ensure separation is maintained at all times
  • Issue visual approach clearance only when conditions are met
  • Provide traffic information where required
  • Monitor the aircraft until transfer to Tower

Separation responsibility remains with the controller unless explicitly transferred.

6.4.4 Transfer of Separation Responsibility

When a pilot reports traffic in sight and accepts responsibility:

  • The pilot may be instructed to maintain separation from that traffic

The Approach Controller shall:

  • Ensure the instruction is clear and unambiguous
  • Continue to monitor the situation

6.4.5 Application

The Approach Controller shall:

  • Use visual approaches to support efficient traffic flow
  • Ensure spacing is appropriate prior to clearance
  • Avoid issuing visual approaches in complex or high-risk situations

6.4.6 Limitations

The Approach Controller shall not:

  • Issue a visual approach without confirmation of visual reference
  • Assume separation will be maintained by the pilot without instruction
  • Use visual approaches where predictability is reduced or risk is increased

6.4.7 Risks

Visual approaches may introduce:

  • Reduced predictability of aircraft track
  • Increased reliance on pilot judgement
  • Potential loss of situational awareness

The Approach Controller shall mitigate these risks through monitoring and clear instructions.

6.4.8 Key Principle

A visual approach does not remove the controller’s responsibility for safety.

The Approach Controller shall:

  • Maintain separation
  • Monitor continuously
  • Issue clear instructions

Visual approaches shall only be used when safe, controlled, and appropriate.