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03.4 Situational Awareness

Training Objective

To develop and maintain an accurate mental picture of traffic.


Key Knowledge

  • Traffic picture development
  • Projection and anticipation
  • Risk recognition

Operational Application

Controllers shall:

  • Maintain continuous awareness of all aircraft
  • Anticipate conflicts before they occur
  • Monitor trends, not just positions

1. Overview

Situational awareness is the controller’s ability to understand current and future traffic situations.


2. Core Content

2.1 Traffic Picture

  • Position, level, speed, intent

2.2 Projection

  • Predict future positions
  • Identify conflicts early

2.3 Monitoring

  • Continuous scan of sector
  • Avoid fixation

3. Procedures

3.1 Scan Technique

  • Systematic radar scan
  • Prioritise high-risk aircraft

4. Standards

  • Conflicts should be identified early
  • Controllers shall not rely solely on system alerts

5. Notes

  • Loss of awareness is a primary cause of incidents