02.3 ATS Routes & Waypoints
Training Objective
To enable the controller to understand and manage traffic along defined route structures.
Key Knowledge
- ATS route designators
- Waypoints and navigation fixes
- Airway structure
- RNAV and direct routing
Operational Application
Controllers shall:
- Issue clearances consistent with ATS routes
- Monitor aircraft adherence to cleared route
- Apply direct routings where appropriate
1. Overview
ATS routes provide structured pathways for aircraft to follow within controlled airspace.
2. Core Content
2.1 Airways
- Defined routes between waypoints
- Identified by designators (e.g. UL602)
2.2 Waypoints
- Fixed geographical positions
- Defined by coordinates or navigation aids
2.3 RNAV Operations
- Allows aircraft to fly direct between points
- Reduces reliance on ground-based navigation
2.4 Free Route Airspace (FRA)
- Aircraft may plan direct routes between entry and exit points
- Controllers must manage increased conflict complexity
2.5 Conditional Routes (CDR)
- Routes available based on activity (e.g. military airspace)
- Availability may change dynamically
2.6 Traffic Flow Implications
Controllers shall recognise:
- Converging ATS routes create predictable conflict points
- Parallel routes may require monitoring for lateral deviations
- Opposite-direction traffic on the same route requires strategic separation
3. Procedures
3.1 Route Clearances
- Aircraft shall follow cleared route unless instructed otherwise
- Direct routings may be issued to improve efficiency
3.2 Direct Routing
- Direct routings shall not compromise separation
- Controllers shall assess downstream sector impact prior to issuing directs
4. Standards
- Routes shall comply with published AIP structure
- Minimum separation shall be maintained regardless of routing
5. Notes
- Direct routing increases complexity in conflict detection