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01.1 Radar Fundamentals

1. Objective

To provide the trainee with a comprehensive understanding of radar-based surveillance, enabling safe and efficient application of radar control techniques in an en-route environment.

2. Definition of Radar Control

Radar control is the provision of air traffic services using surveillance systems to:

  • Identify aircraft
  • Monitor position and track
  • Apply separation
  • Provide vectors and instructions

3. Types of Radar

3.1 Primary Surveillance Radar (PSR)

  • Detects aircraft via reflected radio waves
  • Does not require onboard equipment
  • Provides range and bearing only

3.2 Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR)

  • Interrogates aircraft transponders
  • Provides:
  • Squawk (Mode A)
  • Altitude (Mode C)
  • Enhanced data (Mode S)

4. Radar Display Information

Controllers shall interpret:

  • Position (range & bearing)
  • Ground speed (calculated)
  • Track direction
  • Level information
  • Callsign (if correlated)

5. Radar Service Types

  • Radar Control Service
  • Traffic Information Service
  • Deconfliction Service (where applicable)

Once identified, the controller assumes responsibility for:

  • Maintaining separation
  • Monitoring compliance
  • Issuing timely instructions