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08.4 Stack Management

Training Objective

To manage multiple aircraft within a holding stack.

Key Knowledge

  • Vertical stacking
  • Separation within holds
  • Sequencing aircraft

Operational Application

Controllers shall:

  • Assign levels to maintain separation
  • Sequence aircraft for exit
  • Monitor stack stability

1. Overview

Holding stacks are used to manage multiple aircraft at a single fix.

2. Core Content

2.1 Vertical Separation

  • Aircraft separated by level
  • Standard vertical minima apply

2.2 Sequencing

  • Aircraft exit hold in planned order
  • Lower aircraft typically released first

2.3 Stability

  • Stable stack reduces workload

3. Procedures

3.1 Stack Management

  • Controllers shall maintain organised levels
  • Adjust levels as required

4. Standards

  • Separation shall be maintained within the stack

5. Notes

  • Poor stack management leads to congestion